定语从句是英语学习中的一个重要语法点,它用于修饰名词或代词(即先行词),提供更多关于该名词的信息,定语从句通常由关系词引导,如who, whom, whose, which, that等,并且紧跟在先行词之后,我们将通过一些简单易懂的例句来深入理解定语从句的使用。
我们需要了解定语从句的基本结构:一个先行词 + 关系词 + 定语从句。
- The book (that) I bought yesterday is very interesting.
- 先行词:book
- 关系词:that
- 定语从句:I bought yesterday
在这个句子中,“that”作为关系代词,连接了先行词“book”与后面的从句“I bought yesterday”。
常见关系词及其用法
who/whom
- She is the teacher (who) helps us with math.
- 先行词:teacher
- 关系词:who
- 注意:当关系词在从句中作宾语时,使用whom,但在现代英语中,who常可替代whom。
whose
- The man whose car was stolen is very upset.
- 先行词:man
- 关系词:whose
- “whose”用来表示所有关系,相当于“of whom”。
which/that
- This is the house (which/that) I lived in during my childhood.
- 先行词:house
- 关系词:which/that
- “which”和“that”都可以用来引导非人称的定语从句,但“that”不能用于介词之后。
特殊关系词where和when
-
This is the place where we met last week.
- 先行词:place
- 关系词:where
- “where”用于表示地点。
-
It was on Sunday when they decided to go hiking.
- 先行词:Sunday
- 关系词:when
- “when”用于表示时间。
定语从句的位置变化
定语从句可以出现在先行词之前或之后,这取决于句子的流畅性和强调的需要。
-
The girl (who) is standing by the window is my sister.
定语从句位于先行词之后。
-
My sister, who is standing by the window, is the girl (that) you met yesterday.
定语从句位于先行词之前,并用逗号隔开。
定语从句的省略
在某些情况下,定语从句中的某个成分可以被省略,以使句子更加简洁。
- This is the book (that) I am looking for.
在这个例子中,“that”被省略了,因为“for”已经隐含了指代关系。
练习与应用
为了更好地掌握定语从句,我们可以做一些练习。
- Rewrite the sentences using relative clauses:
- Original: The man helped me. He is a doctor. → The man who is a doctor helped me.
- Original: This is the house. We bought it last year. → This is the house that we bought last year.
定语从句是英语中一种非常有用的语法结构,它能够帮助我们更精确地描述或限定名词,通过上述的例句和解释,希望大家能够更好地理解和运用定语从句,从而提升自己的英语水平,多读、多写、多练习是掌握任何语言技能的关键。